Introduction
CNC, or Computer Numerical Control, is a technology that has revolutionized the manufacturing industry. Through the use of computer control of equipment such as milling machines, lathes and EDMs, CNC has made it possible to produce geometrically complex shapes of mechanical components quickly, precisely and repeatably.
Origins of NC technology
CNC technology derives directly from NC (Numerical Control) technology, which emerged in the early 1940s.
NC, or numerical control, involved programming machines with punch tapes that contained instructions for machine movements. John T. Parsons, in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), not only developed these machines, but was also the first to use computer methods to solve machining problems, including the precise interpolation of curves describing helicopter rotor blades.
When did NC technology evolve into CNC?
The transition from NC to CNC technology occurred in the 1950s. In 1952, a team of researchers at MIT developed the first CNC machine, which used a computer to control the machine’s movements.
The first commercial CNC machines were brought to market through MIT’s collaboration with Cincinnati Milacron. These machines revolutionized the manufacturing industry by allowing tool trajectories to be programmed to some extent.
The evolution of CNC technology in the 1960s and 1970s.
In the 1960s and 1970s, CNC technology began to gain popularity. Although the first versions of CAD (Computer Aided Design) software appeared later, development of the initial systems that were precursors to full-fledged CAD solutions began in these decades. These early systems allowed the creation of simpler models that formed the basis for generating the G-codes used to control CNC machines.
Additionally, in the 1970s, experimentation began with the first multi-axis machine configurations, which represented a significant step forward in machining complex geometries. These early multi-axis machines allowed a workpiece to be machined from different angles in a single setup.
What was the development of CNC in the 1980s like?
The 1980s brought significant innovations in CNC technology, fundamentally changing the machining industry. The development of CAD/CAM software enabled designers and engineers to more efficiently design components that could be directly transferred to CNC machines. The introduction of more intuitive interfaces and control systems increased productivity and made the then-current machines easier to operate.
Development of CNC technology in the 1990s and early 21st century
In the 1990s, significant advances in CNC technology manifested themselves through the introduction of multifunctional machines that combined various machining operations into a single station, greatly streamlining manufacturing processes. The introduction of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, allowed better management of production resources and improved production planning.
At the beginning of the new millennium, the development of 5-axis machines and industrial networks, such as Ethernet, allowed remote control and monitoring of processes. The increase in automation and robotization has helped to make operations more efficient and reduce operator intervention.
CNC today – a case study from SIM Gdynia
Thanks to numerous improvements in the cutting function and new generations of CNC machine tools, our machine park at SIM Gdynia has achieved significantly higher production efficiency. Our 5-axis machining centers are capable of machining complex geometries in a single setup, eliminating the need to manually reposition the workpiece.
Our integrated automatic material feeding systems and industrial robots work in tandem with CNC equipment, in loading and unloading, ensuring continuous production and optimal cycle times.
Summary
Today, CNC technology is an integral part of modern industry, enabling the most complex projects and opening up new opportunities for companies around the world. Through continuous technology development and integration with new CNC systems, it remains at the forefront of industrial innovation, driving digital transformation and creating the future of manufacturing.
